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C is a high-level and general purpose programming language that is ideal for developing firmware or portable applications. Originally intended for writing system software, C was developed at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie for the Unix Operating System (OS) in the early 1970s. C is a structured, procedural programming language that has been widely used both for operating systems and applications and that has had a wide following in the academic community. Many versions of UNIX-based operating systems are written in C. C has been standardized as part of the Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX). C Program Components

Duration : 20 Hrs. Eligibility : Fresher 10th/10+2/Graduate

• Functions
• Statements
• File inclusion
• Input and Output
• Keywords
• Variables
• Operators

DATA AND OPERATORS

• Identifiers
• Fundamental data types and their operators
• Constants
• Operator precedence
• Conversions
• Casting
• Scope

CONTROL FLOW

• Boolean operators
• Conditional selection
• Iteration

FUNCTIONS

• Functional modularity
• Passing data in and out of functions
• Pass by value and reference
• Member functions

ARRAYS

• Defining arrays and access through subscripting
• Passing arrays to functions
• Strings in C

STRUCTURES AND UNION

• Data structures
• Aggregation
• Enumerations

THE PREPROCESSOR

• Using the preprocessor to create symbolic constants and macros
• Using conditional compilation techniques

POINTERS

• Concept of indirection
• Null pointers
• Using pointers with functions and arrays
• Pointer arithmetic

POINTERS AND ARRAYS

• The relationship between pointers and arrays
• Using pointer arithmetic to index arrays

POINTERS AND STRUCTURES

• Using pointers with structures and introducing the structure pointer
• operator
• Passing structures to functions

DYNAMIC MEMORY

• Accessing the heap or freestore with malloc and free
• Creating dynamic arrays

FILE I/O

• Working with the standard library file input and output routines

THE STANDARD LIBRARY

• Introducing other features of the standard library
• Sorting and searching
• Printing and scanning strings
• Time and data handling
• International code

LARGER PROGRAMS

• How to construct larger programs and handle the coupling between
• modules

ADVANCED FEATURES

• Overview of some advanced features
• Bit manipulation
• Unions & Enum

C++ is an object oriented programming (OOP) language, developed by Bjarne Stroustrup, and is an extension of C language. It is therefore possible to code C++ in a “C style” or “object-oriented style.” In certain scenarios, it can be coded in either way and is thus an effective example of a hybrid language. C++ is a general purpose object oriented programming language. It is considered to be an intermediate level language, as it encapsulates both high and low level language features. Initially, the language was called ‘C with classes’ as it had all properties of C language with an additional concept of ‘classes’. However, it was renamed to C++ in 1983.

Duration : 20 Hrs. Eligibility : Fresher 10th/10+2/Graduate

 C++ PROGRAM COMPONENTS

• Basic program components
• Functions
• Statements
• File inclusion
  Input and output
• Keywords
• Variables
• Operators

DATA AND OPERATORS

• Identifiers
• Fundamental data types and their operators
• Constants
• Operator precedence
• Conversions
• Casting
• Scope

STRUCTURED DATA TYPES

• Enumerations
• Data structures
• Aggregation
• Standard Library string class

CONTROL FLOW

• Boolean operators
• Conditional selection
• Iteration

FUNCTIONS

• Functional modularity
• Passing data in and out of functions
• Pass by value and reference
• Member functions
• Optimization with inline

ARRAYS AND VECTORS

• Basic containers
• Arrays and the standard template library vector class
• Access through subscripting and member functions
• C type strings

CLASSES

• Object-orientation and classes
• Encapsulation
• Automatic construction
• Copying and conversions

POINTERS

• Concept of indirection
• Null pointers
• Using pointers with functions and arrays
• Pointer arithmetic

DYNAMIC MEMORY

• Accessing the heap or freestore with new and delete
• Dynamic arrays
• Automatic destruction

OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS

• Aggregation and association
• Delegation
• Managing custody of dynamic memory
• Copying custodial objects

OPERATOR OVERLOADING

• Class operators
• Overloading with globals or members,
• Lvalue operators
• Copy assignment
• C++
• STREAMS
• Working with the Standard Streams
• File streams
• Manipulators
• String streams

STL CONTAINERS

• Introducing templates and the main Standard Template Library container classes
• Vector
• Deque
• List, set and map
• Guidelines on choosing the right container for the job

ITERATORS

• Using Iterators to access the elements of Standard Template Library
• containers
• Introducing the standard algorithms

INHERITANCE

• Object-orientation and inheritance
• Creating and using derived classes
• Vertical delegation
• Standard conversions

POLYMORPHISM

• Declaring and using virtual functions and the need for virtual destructors
• Pure virtual functions and abstract classes

ADVANCED FEATURES

• Overview of some advanced features
• Exception handling
• Namespaces
• Multiple inheritance
• Smart pointers
• Template functions
• Extending the STL

A data structure is a specialized format for organizing and storing data. General data structure types include the array, the file, the record, the table, the tree, and so on. Any data structure is designed to organize data to suit a specific purpose so that it can be accessed and worked with in appropriate ways. In computer programming, a data structure may be selected or designed to store data for the purpose of working on it with various algorithms.C++ Program Components

Duration : 30 Hrs. Eligibility : Fresher 10th/10+2 /Graduate with C programming skill

INTRODUCTION TO DATA STRUCTURES:

• Definition, Classification of data structures : primitive and non primitive. Operations on data structures. Dynamic memory allocation and pointers: Definition Accessing the address of a variable, Declaring and initializing pointers. Accessing a variable through its pointer. Meaning of static and dynamic memory allocation. Memory allocation functions : malloc, calloc, free and realloc.

RECURSION

• Definition, Recursion in C, Writing Recursive programs Binomial coefficient, Fibonacci, GCD. Searching and Sorting Search: Basic Search Techniques : Search algorithm searching techniques : sequential search, Binary search – Iterative and Recursive methods. Comparison between sequential and binary search.

SORT

• General Background: Definition, different types: Bubble sort, Selection sort, Merge sort, Insertion sort, Quick sort .

STACK

• Definition, Array representation of stack, Operations on stack: Infix, prefix and postfix notations Conversion of an arithmetic expression from Infix to postfix. Applications of staks.

QUEUE

• Definition, Array representation of queue, Types of queue: Simple queue, circular queue, double ended queue (deque) priority queue, operations on all types of Queues.

LINKED LIST

• Definition, Components of linked list, Representation of linked list, Advantages and Disadvantages of linked list. Types of linked list : Singly linked list, Doubly linked list, Circular linked list and circular doubly linked list. Operations on singly linked list : creation, insertion, deletion, search and display.